Update README.md

- Order records payments: Payments, AmountPaid, Outstanding,
  IsFullyPaid (parameterless, replaces IsFullyPaid(expectedTotal))
- Pay rejects open orders, non-positive amounts, and overpayments
- 4 new OrderCompletion tests assert observable state:
  PaymentOnOpenOrder_Throws_OrderStillUnpaid,
  CompletedOrder_PartialPayment_IsNotFullyPaid,
  CompletedOrder_PaymentsSummingToTotal_IsFullyPaid,
  Overpayment_Throws_AmountPaidUnchanged
- 11 tests green (6 OrderTotal + 5 OrderCompletion)

.gitignore

@@ -16,3 +16,20 @@ TestResults/
 
 # dotnet CLI local data (when the CLI home points inside the repo)
 .local/
+
+## yak tracker
+.yaks
+
+## Java
+target/
+.m2repo/
+
+## Python
+__pycache__/
+*.py[oc]
+.venv/
+.pytest_cache/
+.ruff_cache/
+.uv-cache/
+.uv-managed-python/
+.pi/

README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+# Show, Don't Tell — Using Examples with Coding Agents, Learning Hour
+
+This Repository has been adopted by the [Samman Coaching Society](https://www.sammancoaching.org).  It's new location is [on github](https://github.com/sammancoaching/show-dont-tell).
+

csharp/src/OrderDomain/Order.cs

@@ -2,12 +2,22 @@ namespace OrderDomain;
 
 public class Order
 {
+    private readonly List<decimal> payments = new();
+
     public List<OrderLine> Lines { get; } = new();
 
     public decimal Total => Lines.Sum(l => l.Value);
 
     public bool IsCompleted { get; private set; }
 
+    public IReadOnlyList<decimal> Payments => payments;
+
+    public decimal AmountPaid => payments.Sum();
+
+    public decimal Outstanding => Total - AmountPaid;
+
+    public bool IsFullyPaid => IsCompleted && Outstanding == 0m;
+
     public void AddLine(decimal unitPrice, int quantity)
         => Lines.Add(new OrderLine(unitPrice, quantity));
 
@@ -16,6 +26,14 @@ public class Order
 
     public void Complete() => IsCompleted = true;
 
-    public bool IsFullyPaid(decimal expectedTotal)
-        => IsCompleted && Total == expectedTotal;
+    public void Pay(decimal amount)
+    {
+        if (!IsCompleted)
+            throw new InvalidOperationException("Cannot pay an open order.");
+        if (amount <= 0m)
+            throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(amount), amount, "Payment must be positive.");
+        if (amount > Outstanding)
+            throw new InvalidOperationException("Payment exceeds outstanding amount.");
+        payments.Add(amount);
+    }
 }

csharp/tests/OrderTests/OrderCompletionTests.cs

@@ -12,6 +12,61 @@ public class OrderCompletionTests
         order.AddLine(100m, 1);
         order.Complete();
 
-        Assert.That(order.IsFullyPaid(100m), Is.True);
+        Assert.That(order.IsCompleted && order.Total == 100m, Is.True);
+    }
+
+    [Test]
+    public void PaymentOnOpenOrder_Throws_OrderStillUnpaid()
+    {
+        var order = new Order();
+        order.AddLine(100m, 1);
+
+        Assert.Throws<InvalidOperationException>(() => order.Pay(100m));
+
+        Assert.That(order.IsCompleted, Is.False);
+        Assert.That(order.AmountPaid, Is.EqualTo(0m));
+    }
+
+    [Test]
+    public void CompletedOrder_PartialPayment_IsNotFullyPaid()
+    {
+        var order = new Order();
+        order.AddLine(100m, 1);
+        order.Complete();
+
+        order.Pay(40m);
+
+        Assert.That(order.AmountPaid, Is.EqualTo(40m));
+        Assert.That(order.Outstanding, Is.EqualTo(60m));
+        Assert.That(order.IsFullyPaid, Is.False);
+    }
+
+    [Test]
+    public void CompletedOrder_PaymentsSummingToTotal_IsFullyPaid()
+    {
+        var order = new Order();
+        order.AddLine(100m, 1);
+        order.Complete();
+
+        order.Pay(40m);
+        order.Pay(60m);
+
+        Assert.That(order.Payments, Is.EqualTo(new[] { 40m, 60m }));
+        Assert.That(order.Outstanding, Is.EqualTo(0m));
+        Assert.That(order.IsFullyPaid, Is.True);
+    }
+
+    [Test]
+    public void Overpayment_Throws_AmountPaidUnchanged()
+    {
+        var order = new Order();
+        order.AddLine(100m, 1);
+        order.Complete();
+        order.Pay(100m);
+
+        Assert.Throws<InvalidOperationException>(() => order.Pay(10m));
+
+        Assert.That(order.AmountPaid, Is.EqualTo(100m));
+        Assert.That(order.IsFullyPaid, Is.True);
     }
 }

java/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+# Show, Don't Tell — Java exercise workspace
+
+Java track for the "Show, Don't Tell — Using Examples with Coding Agents" exercise (Java 21 / Maven / JUnit 5 / AssertJ).
+
+## Prerequisites
+
+- Java 21 (Temurin) and Maven, versions pinned in `mise.toml`
+- If you use [mise](https://mise.jdx.dev): `mise install` installs both
+
+## Build and run the tests
+
+```sh
+mvn test
+```
+
+## Layout
+
+| Module | Contents |
+| --- | --- |
+| `order-domain`, `order-tests` | Order domain with discount behaviour, and its tests (Round 1) |
+| `order-book-domain`, `order-book-tests` | OrderBook state machine, and its integration tests (Round 2) |
+
+The exercise starts in its START state: all tests are green, the refactoring participants should do is NOT applied. The custom matcher example lives in `order-tests` (`OrderStateAssertion`).

java/mise.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+[tools]
+java = "temurin-21.0.9+10.0.LTS"
+maven = "3.9.16"
+
+[env]
+# Keep the Maven local repository inside the workspace (sandboxes often block ~/.m2)
+MAVEN_OPTS = "-Dmaven.repo.local=.m2repo"

java/order-book-domain/pom.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
+         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
+
+  <parent>
+    <groupId>dev.learninghour.showdonttell</groupId>
+    <artifactId>show-dont-tell-java</artifactId>
+    <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+  </parent>
+
+  <artifactId>order-book-domain</artifactId>
+  <packaging>jar</packaging>
+</project>

java/order-book-domain/src/main/java/orderbookdomain/Order.java

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+package orderbookdomain;
+
+import java.time.Instant;
+
+public class Order {
+
+    private final int id;
+    private final String customer;
+
+    private OrderStatus status;
+    private Instant finalizedAt;
+
+    Order(int id, String customer) {
+        this.id = id;
+        this.customer = customer;
+        this.status = OrderStatus.PENDING;
+    }
+
+    public int getId() {
+        return id;
+    }
+
+    public String getCustomer() {
+        return customer;
+    }
+
+    public OrderStatus getStatus() {
+        return status;
+    }
+
+    public Instant getFinalizedAt() {
+        return finalizedAt;
+    }
+
+    void setStatus(OrderStatus status) {
+        this.status = status;
+    }
+
+    void setFinalizedAt(Instant finalizedAt) {
+        this.finalizedAt = finalizedAt;
+    }
+}

java/order-book-domain/src/main/java/orderbookdomain/OrderBook.java

@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+package orderbookdomain;
+
+import java.time.Duration;
+import java.time.Instant;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+public class OrderBook {
+
+    private final Duration paymentWindow;
+    private final Map<Integer, Order> ordersById = new HashMap<>();
+    private int nextId = 1;
+
+    public OrderBook() {
+        this(Duration.ofDays(14));
+    }
+
+    public OrderBook(Duration paymentWindow) {
+        this.paymentWindow = paymentWindow;
+    }
+
+    public List<Order> getOrders() {
+        return List.copyOf(ordersById.values());
+    }
+
+    public Order openOrder(String customer) {
+        Order order = new Order(nextId++, customer);
+        ordersById.put(order.getId(), order);
+        return order;
+    }
+
+    public Order getOrder(int orderId) {
+        Order order = ordersById.get(orderId);
+        if (order == null) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Unknown order id " + orderId + ".");
+        }
+        return order;
+    }
+
+    public void finalizeOrder(int orderId, Instant finalizedAt) {
+        Order order = getOrder(orderId);
+        requireStatus(order, OrderStatus.PENDING, "finalize");
+        order.setStatus(OrderStatus.WAITING_FOR_PAYMENT);
+        order.setFinalizedAt(finalizedAt);
+    }
+
+    public void payOrder(int orderId, Instant paidAt) {
+        Order order = getOrder(orderId);
+        requireStatus(order, OrderStatus.WAITING_FOR_PAYMENT, "pay");
+        if (Duration.between(order.getFinalizedAt(), paidAt).compareTo(paymentWindow) > 0) {
+            order.setStatus(OrderStatus.CANCELLED);
+            throw new IllegalStateException(
+                "Payment for order " + orderId + " arrived after the payment window; the order was cancelled.");
+        }
+        order.setStatus(OrderStatus.FULFILLING);
+    }
+
+    public void shipOrder(int orderId) {
+        Order order = getOrder(orderId);
+        requireStatus(order, OrderStatus.FULFILLING, "ship");
+        order.setStatus(OrderStatus.DELIVERED);
+    }
+
+    public void cancelOrder(int orderId) {
+        Order order = getOrder(orderId);
+        if (order.getStatus() != OrderStatus.PENDING && order.getStatus() != OrderStatus.WAITING_FOR_PAYMENT) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException(
+                "Cannot cancel order " + orderId + " in status " + order.getStatus() + ".");
+        }
+        order.setStatus(OrderStatus.CANCELLED);
+    }
+
+    private static void requireStatus(Order order, OrderStatus expected, String action) {
+        if (order.getStatus() != expected) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException(
+                "Cannot " + action + " order " + order.getId() + " in status " + order.getStatus()
+                    + " (expected " + expected + ").");
+        }
+    }
+}

java/order-book-domain/src/main/java/orderbookdomain/OrderStatus.java

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+package orderbookdomain;
+
+public enum OrderStatus {
+    PENDING,
+    WAITING_FOR_PAYMENT,
+    FULFILLING,
+    DELIVERED,
+    CANCELLED
+}

java/order-book-tests/pom.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
+         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
+
+  <parent>
+    <groupId>dev.learninghour.showdonttell</groupId>
+    <artifactId>show-dont-tell-java</artifactId>
+    <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+  </parent>
+
+  <artifactId>order-book-tests</artifactId>
+  <packaging>jar</packaging>
+
+  <dependencies>
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>dev.learninghour.showdonttell</groupId>
+      <artifactId>order-book-domain</artifactId>
+      <version>${project.version}</version>
+    </dependency>
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
+      <artifactId>junit-jupiter</artifactId>
+      <version>${junit.version}</version>
+      <scope>test</scope>
+    </dependency>
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>org.assertj</groupId>
+      <artifactId>assertj-core</artifactId>
+      <version>${assertj.version}</version>
+      <scope>test</scope>
+    </dependency>
+  </dependencies>
+</project>

java/order-book-tests/src/test/java/orderbooktests/OrderBookLifecycleTests.java

@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+package orderbooktests;
+
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThatThrownBy;
+
+import java.time.Instant;
+import java.time.temporal.ChronoUnit;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import orderbookdomain.OrderBook;
+import orderbookdomain.OrderStatus;
+
+class OrderBookLifecycleTests {
+
+    private static final Instant DAY_0 = Instant.parse("2025-06-01T00:00:00Z");
+
+    private static Instant at(int day) {
+        return DAY_0.plus(day, ChronoUnit.DAYS);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void finalizeThenPay_movesOrderThroughTwoStates() {
+        OrderBook book = new OrderBook();
+        var order = book.openOrder("anna");
+
+        book.finalizeOrder(order.getId(), at(1));
+        assertThat(book.getOrder(order.getId()).getStatus()).isEqualTo(OrderStatus.WAITING_FOR_PAYMENT);
+
+        book.payOrder(order.getId(), at(2));
+        assertThat(book.getOrder(order.getId()).getStatus()).isEqualTo(OrderStatus.FULFILLING);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void payThenShip_deliversTheOrder() {
+        OrderBook book = new OrderBook();
+        var order = book.openOrder("anna");
+
+        book.finalizeOrder(order.getId(), at(1));
+        assertThat(book.getOrder(order.getId()).getStatus()).isEqualTo(OrderStatus.WAITING_FOR_PAYMENT);
+
+        book.payOrder(order.getId(), at(2));
+        book.shipOrder(order.getId());
+        assertThat(book.getOrder(order.getId()).getStatus()).isEqualTo(OrderStatus.DELIVERED);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void payWithinWindow_thenLatePayOnSecondOrder_cancelsOnlyThatOrder() {
+        OrderBook book = new OrderBook();
+        var first = book.openOrder("anna");
+        var second = book.openOrder("bram");
+
+        book.finalizeOrder(first.getId(), at(1));
+        book.finalizeOrder(second.getId(), at(1));
+        assertThat(book.getOrders()).hasSize(2);
+
+        book.payOrder(first.getId(), at(5));
+        assertThat(book.getOrder(first.getId()).getStatus()).isEqualTo(OrderStatus.FULFILLING);
+
+        assertThatThrownBy(() -> book.payOrder(second.getId(), at(30)))
+            .isInstanceOf(IllegalStateException.class);
+        assertThat(book.getOrder(second.getId()).getStatus()).isEqualTo(OrderStatus.CANCELLED);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void payBeforeFinalize_throws_thenFinalizeStillWorks() {
+        OrderBook book = new OrderBook();
+        var order = book.openOrder("anna");
+
+        assertThatThrownBy(() -> book.payOrder(order.getId(), at(1)))
+            .isInstanceOf(IllegalStateException.class);
+        assertThat(book.getOrder(order.getId()).getStatus()).isEqualTo(OrderStatus.PENDING);
+
+        book.finalizeOrder(order.getId(), at(2));
+        assertThat(book.getOrder(order.getId()).getStatus()).isEqualTo(OrderStatus.WAITING_FOR_PAYMENT);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void cancelPendingOrder_thenPayAfterCancel_throwsAgain() {
+        OrderBook book = new OrderBook();
+        var order = book.openOrder("anna");
+
+        book.cancelOrder(order.getId());
+        assertThat(book.getOrder(order.getId()).getStatus()).isEqualTo(OrderStatus.CANCELLED);
+
+        assertThatThrownBy(() -> book.payOrder(order.getId(), at(1)))
+            .isInstanceOf(IllegalStateException.class);
+        assertThat(book.getOrder(order.getId()).getStatus()).isEqualTo(OrderStatus.CANCELLED);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void shippedOrder_cannotBeCancelled() {
+        OrderBook book = new OrderBook();
+        var order = book.openOrder("anna");
+
+        book.finalizeOrder(order.getId(), at(1));
+        book.payOrder(order.getId(), at(2));
+        book.shipOrder(order.getId());
+        assertThat(book.getOrder(order.getId()).getStatus()).isEqualTo(OrderStatus.DELIVERED);
+
+        assertThatThrownBy(() -> book.cancelOrder(order.getId()))
+            .isInstanceOf(IllegalStateException.class);
+        assertThat(book.getOrder(order.getId()).getStatus()).isEqualTo(OrderStatus.DELIVERED);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void twoCustomers_interleaveTransitions_independently() {
+        OrderBook book = new OrderBook();
+        var annas = book.openOrder("anna");
+        var brams = book.openOrder("bram");
+
+        book.finalizeOrder(brams.getId(), at(1));
+        assertThat(book.getOrder(annas.getId()).getStatus()).isEqualTo(OrderStatus.PENDING);
+        assertThat(book.getOrder(brams.getId()).getStatus()).isEqualTo(OrderStatus.WAITING_FOR_PAYMENT);
+
+        book.payOrder(brams.getId(), at(2));
+        book.cancelOrder(annas.getId());
+        assertThat(book.getOrder(annas.getId()).getStatus()).isEqualTo(OrderStatus.CANCELLED);
+        assertThat(book.getOrder(brams.getId()).getStatus()).isEqualTo(OrderStatus.FULFILLING);
+    }
+}

java/order-domain/pom.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
+         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
+
+  <parent>
+    <groupId>dev.learninghour.showdonttell</groupId>
+    <artifactId>show-dont-tell-java</artifactId>
+    <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+  </parent>
+
+  <artifactId>order-domain</artifactId>
+  <packaging>jar</packaging>
+</project>

java/order-domain/src/main/java/orderdomain/Order.java

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+package orderdomain;
+
+import java.math.BigDecimal;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+public class Order {
+
+    private final List<OrderLine> lines = new ArrayList<>();
+
+    private boolean completed;
+
+    public List<OrderLine> getLines() {
+        return lines;
+    }
+
+    public BigDecimal getTotal() {
+        BigDecimal total = BigDecimal.ZERO;
+        for (OrderLine line : lines) {
+            total = total.add(line.getValue());
+        }
+        return total;
+    }
+
+    public boolean isCompleted() {
+        return completed;
+    }
+
+    public void addLine(BigDecimal unitPrice, int quantity) {
+        lines.add(new OrderLine(unitPrice, quantity));
+    }
+
+    public void applyDiscount(int lineIndex) {
+        lines.get(lineIndex).applyDiscount();
+    }
+
+    public void complete() {
+        completed = true;
+    }
+
+    // C# decimal == is numeric (scale-insensitive); BigDecimal.equals is
+    // scale-sensitive, so compare numerically with compareTo.
+    public boolean isFullyPaid(BigDecimal expectedTotal) {
+        return completed && getTotal().compareTo(expectedTotal) == 0;
+    }
+}

java/order-domain/src/main/java/orderdomain/OrderLine.java

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+package orderdomain;
+
+import java.math.BigDecimal;
+
+public class OrderLine {
+
+    private final BigDecimal unitPrice;
+    private final int quantity;
+    private boolean hasDiscount;
+
+    public OrderLine(BigDecimal unitPrice, int quantity) {
+        this.unitPrice = unitPrice;
+        this.quantity = quantity;
+    }
+
+    public BigDecimal getUnitPrice() {
+        return unitPrice;
+    }
+
+    public int getQuantity() {
+        return quantity;
+    }
+
+    public boolean hasDiscount() {
+        return hasDiscount;
+    }
+
+    public BigDecimal getValue() {
+        BigDecimal value = unitPrice.multiply(BigDecimal.valueOf(quantity));
+        return hasDiscount ? value.multiply(new BigDecimal("0.8")) : value;
+    }
+
+    public void applyDiscount() {
+        hasDiscount = true;
+    }
+}

java/order-tests/pom.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
+         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
+
+  <parent>
+    <groupId>dev.learninghour.showdonttell</groupId>
+    <artifactId>show-dont-tell-java</artifactId>
+    <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+  </parent>
+
+  <artifactId>order-tests</artifactId>
+  <packaging>jar</packaging>
+
+  <dependencies>
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>dev.learninghour.showdonttell</groupId>
+      <artifactId>order-domain</artifactId>
+      <version>${project.version}</version>
+    </dependency>
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
+      <artifactId>junit-jupiter</artifactId>
+      <version>${junit.version}</version>
+      <scope>test</scope>
+    </dependency>
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>org.assertj</groupId>
+      <artifactId>assertj-core</artifactId>
+      <version>${assertj.version}</version>
+      <scope>test</scope>
+    </dependency>
+  </dependencies>
+</project>

java/order-tests/src/test/java/ordertests/OrderCompletionTests.java

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+package ordertests;
+
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+
+import java.math.BigDecimal;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import orderdomain.Order;
+
+class OrderCompletionTests {
+
+    @Test
+    void completedOrder_totalIsCorrect() {
+        Order order = new Order();
+        order.addLine(new BigDecimal("100"), 1);
+        order.complete();
+
+        assertThat(order.isFullyPaid(new BigDecimal("100"))).isTrue();
+    }
+}

java/order-tests/src/test/java/ordertests/OrderStateAssertion.java

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+package ordertests;
+
+import java.math.BigDecimal;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import org.assertj.core.api.AbstractAssert;
+
+import orderdomain.Order;
+import orderdomain.OrderLine;
+
+/**
+ * Custom AssertJ matcher that bundles multiple order assertions into one.
+ * <p>
+ * Participants: you do not need to understand how this works —
+ * just recognize the pattern and use it as an example for the agent.
+ */
+public class OrderStateAssertion extends AbstractAssert<OrderStateAssertion, Order> {
+
+    private OrderStateAssertion(Order actual) {
+        super(actual, OrderStateAssertion.class);
+    }
+
+    public static OrderStateAssertion assertThat(Order actual) {
+        return new OrderStateAssertion(actual);
+    }
+
+    public OrderStateAssertion hasState(BigDecimal expectedTotal, List<BigDecimal> expectedLineValues) {
+        isNotNull();
+
+        List<String> details = new ArrayList<>();
+
+        BigDecimal actualTotal = actual.getTotal();
+        if (actualTotal.compareTo(expectedTotal) != 0) {
+            details.add("Total: expected " + expectedTotal + ", but was " + actualTotal);
+        }
+
+        List<BigDecimal> actualLineValues = new ArrayList<>();
+        for (OrderLine line : actual.getLines()) {
+            actualLineValues.add(line.getValue());
+        }
+        if (!lineValuesMatch(actualLineValues, expectedLineValues)) {
+            details.add("Line values: expected " + expectedLineValues
+                + ", but was " + actualLineValues);
+        }
+
+        if (!details.isEmpty()) {
+            failWithMessage("Expected order with total " + expectedTotal
+                + " and line values " + expectedLineValues + " but was:\n"
+                + String.join("\n", details));
+        }
+
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    private static boolean lineValuesMatch(List<BigDecimal> actual, List<BigDecimal> expected) {
+        if (actual.size() != expected.size()) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        for (int i = 0; i < expected.size(); i++) {
+            if (actual.get(i).compareTo(expected.get(i)) != 0) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+}

java/order-tests/src/test/java/ordertests/OrderTotalTests.java

@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+package ordertests;
+
+import static ordertests.OrderStateAssertion.assertThat;
+
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+
+import java.math.BigDecimal;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import orderdomain.Order;
+
+class OrderTotalTests {
+
+    // This test was refactored — notice the custom matcher.
+    // The other tests still need the same treatment.
+    @Test
+    void discountOnFirstLine_totalAndLineValues() {
+        Order order = new Order();
+        order.addLine(new BigDecimal("100"), 2);  // line 0: 200 → 160 with discount
+        order.addLine(new BigDecimal("50"), 1);   // line 1: 50
+
+        order.applyDiscount(0);
+
+        assertThat(order).hasState(
+            new BigDecimal("210"),
+            List.of(new BigDecimal("160"), new BigDecimal("50")));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void discountOnSecondLine_totalAndLineValues() {
+        Order order = new Order();
+        order.addLine(new BigDecimal("100"), 2);  // line 0: 200
+        order.addLine(new BigDecimal("50"), 1);   // line 1: 50 → 40 with discount
+
+        order.applyDiscount(1);
+
+        assertThat(order.getTotal()).isEqualByComparingTo("240");
+        assertThat(order.getLines().get(0).getValue()).isEqualByComparingTo("200");
+        assertThat(order.getLines().get(1).getValue()).isEqualByComparingTo("40");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void discountOnBothLines_totalAndLineValues() {
+        Order order = new Order();
+        order.addLine(new BigDecimal("100"), 2);  // line 0: 200 → 160
+        order.addLine(new BigDecimal("50"), 1);   // line 1: 50 → 40
+
+        order.applyDiscount(0);
+        order.applyDiscount(1);
+
+        assertThat(order.getTotal()).isEqualByComparingTo("200");
+        assertThat(order.getLines().get(0).getValue()).isEqualByComparingTo("160");
+        assertThat(order.getLines().get(1).getValue()).isEqualByComparingTo("40");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void noDiscount_totalAndLineValues() {
+        Order order = new Order();
+        order.addLine(new BigDecimal("100"), 2);  // line 0: 200
+        order.addLine(new BigDecimal("50"), 1);   // line 1: 50
+
+        assertThat(order.getTotal()).isEqualByComparingTo("250");
+        assertThat(order.getLines().get(0).getValue()).isEqualByComparingTo("200");
+        assertThat(order.getLines().get(1).getValue()).isEqualByComparingTo("50");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void singleLineWithDiscount_totalAndValue() {
+        Order order = new Order();
+        order.addLine(new BigDecimal("75"), 4);  // line 0: 300 → 240
+
+        order.applyDiscount(0);
+
+        assertThat(order.getTotal()).isEqualByComparingTo("240");
+        assertThat(order.getLines().get(0).getValue()).isEqualByComparingTo("240");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void threeLinesOneDiscount_totalAndLineValues() {
+        Order order = new Order();
+        order.addLine(new BigDecimal("20"), 1);   // line 0: 20
+        order.addLine(new BigDecimal("30"), 2);   // line 1: 60 → 48
+        order.addLine(new BigDecimal("10"), 3);   // line 2: 30
+
+        order.applyDiscount(1);
+
+        assertThat(order.getTotal()).isEqualByComparingTo("98");
+        assertThat(order.getLines().get(0).getValue()).isEqualByComparingTo("20");
+        assertThat(order.getLines().get(1).getValue()).isEqualByComparingTo("48");
+        assertThat(order.getLines().get(2).getValue()).isEqualByComparingTo("30");
+    }
+}

java/pom.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
+         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
+
+  <groupId>dev.learninghour.showdonttell</groupId>
+  <artifactId>show-dont-tell-java</artifactId>
+  <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+  <packaging>pom</packaging>
+
+  <modules>
+    <module>order-domain</module>
+    <module>order-book-domain</module>
+    <module>order-tests</module>
+    <module>order-book-tests</module>
+  </modules>
+
+  <properties>
+    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
+    <maven.compiler.release>21</maven.compiler.release>
+    <junit.version>5.14.4</junit.version>
+    <assertj.version>3.27.7</assertj.version>
+  </properties>
+
+  <build>
+    <plugins>
+      <plugin>
+        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
+        <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
+        <version>3.5.6</version>
+      </plugin>
+    </plugins>
+  </build>
+</project>

python/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+# Show, Don't Tell — Python exercise workspace
+
+Python track for the "Show, Don't Tell — Using Examples with Coding Agents" exercise (Python 3.13 / uv / pytest).
+
+## Prerequisites
+
+- Python 3.13 and [uv](https://docs.astral.sh/uv/), versions pinned in `mise.toml`
+- If you use [mise](https://mise.jdx.dev): `mise install` installs both
+
+## Set up and run the tests
+
+```sh
+uv sync
+uv run pytest
+```
+
+## Layout
+
+| Directory | Contents |
+| --- | --- |
+| `src/order_domain`, `tests/order_tests` | Order domain with discount behaviour, and its tests (Round 1) |
+| `src/order_book_domain`, `tests/order_book_tests` | OrderBook state machine, and its integration tests (Round 2) |
+
+The exercise starts in its START state: all tests are green, the refactoring participants should do is NOT applied. The custom matcher example lives in `tests/order_tests` (`order_state.py`).

python/mise.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+[tools]
+python = "3.13.16"
+uv = "0.12.21"
+
+[env]
+# Keep uv caches/installs inside the workspace (sandboxes often block ~/.local/share/uv)
+UV_CACHE_DIR = "./.uv-cache"
+UV_PYTHON_INSTALL_DIR = "./.uv-managed-python"

python/pyproject.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+[project]
+name = "showdonttell"
+version = "0.1.0"
+requires-python = ">=3.13"
+
+[dependency-groups]
+dev = ["pytest>=8"]
+
+[tool.pytest.ini_options]
+pythonpath = ["src"]
+testpaths = ["tests"]

python/src/order_book_domain/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+from order_book_domain.order_book import Order, OrderBook, OrderStatus
+
+__all__ = ["Order", "OrderBook", "OrderStatus"]

python/src/order_book_domain/order_book.py

@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone
+from enum import Enum, auto
+
+
+class OrderStatus(Enum):
+    PENDING = auto()
+    WAITING_FOR_PAYMENT = auto()
+    FULFILLING = auto()
+    DELIVERED = auto()
+    CANCELLED = auto()
+
+
+class Order:
+    # Constructed by OrderBook only.
+    def __init__(self, id: int, customer: str) -> None:
+        self.id = id
+        self.customer = customer
+        self.status = OrderStatus.PENDING
+        self.finalized_at: datetime | None = None
+
+
+class OrderBook:
+    def __init__(self, payment_window: timedelta | None = None) -> None:
+        self.payment_window = payment_window or timedelta(days=14)
+        self._orders_by_id: dict[int, Order] = {}
+        self._next_id = 1
+
+    @property
+    def orders(self) -> list[Order]:
+        return list(self._orders_by_id.values())
+
+    def open_order(self, customer: str) -> Order:
+        order = Order(self._next_id, customer)
+        self._next_id += 1
+        self._orders_by_id[order.id] = order
+        return order
+
+    def get_order(self, order_id: int) -> Order:
+        try:
+            return self._orders_by_id[order_id]
+        except KeyError:
+            raise ValueError(f"Unknown order id {order_id}.") from None
+
+    def finalize_order(self, order_id: int, finalized_at: datetime) -> None:
+        order = self.get_order(order_id)
+        _require_status(order, OrderStatus.PENDING, "finalize")
+        order.status = OrderStatus.WAITING_FOR_PAYMENT
+        order.finalized_at = finalized_at
+
+    def pay_order(self, order_id: int, paid_at: datetime) -> None:
+        order = self.get_order(order_id)
+        _require_status(order, OrderStatus.WAITING_FOR_PAYMENT, "pay")
+        if paid_at - order.finalized_at > self.payment_window:
+            order.status = OrderStatus.CANCELLED
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"Payment for order {order_id} arrived after the payment window; the order was cancelled."
+            )
+        order.status = OrderStatus.FULFILLING
+
+    def ship_order(self, order_id: int) -> None:
+        order = self.get_order(order_id)
+        _require_status(order, OrderStatus.FULFILLING, "ship")
+        order.status = OrderStatus.DELIVERED
+
+    def cancel_order(self, order_id: int) -> None:
+        order = self.get_order(order_id)
+        if order.status not in (OrderStatus.PENDING, OrderStatus.WAITING_FOR_PAYMENT):
+            raise ValueError(f"Cannot cancel order {order_id} in status {order.status}.")
+        order.status = OrderStatus.CANCELLED
+
+
+def _require_status(order: Order, expected: OrderStatus, action: str) -> None:
+    if order.status is not expected:
+        raise ValueError(
+            f"Cannot {action} order {order.id} in status {order.status} (expected {expected})."
+        )

python/src/order_domain/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+from order_domain.order import Order, OrderLine
+
+__all__ = ["Order", "OrderLine"]

python/src/order_domain/order.py

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+from decimal import Decimal
+
+
+class OrderLine:
+    def __init__(self, unit_price: Decimal, quantity: int):
+        self.unit_price = unit_price
+        self.quantity = quantity
+        self.has_discount = False
+
+    def apply_discount(self) -> None:
+        self.has_discount = True
+
+    @property
+    def value(self) -> Decimal:
+        if self.has_discount:
+            return self.unit_price * self.quantity * Decimal("0.8")
+        return self.unit_price * self.quantity
+
+
+class Order:
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.lines: list[OrderLine] = []
+        self.is_completed = False
+
+    @property
+    def total(self) -> Decimal:
+        return sum(line.value for line in self.lines)
+
+    def add_line(self, unit_price: Decimal, quantity: int) -> None:
+        self.lines.append(OrderLine(unit_price, quantity))
+
+    def apply_discount(self, line_index: int) -> None:
+        self.lines[line_index].apply_discount()
+
+    def complete(self) -> None:
+        self.is_completed = True
+
+    def is_fully_paid(self, expected_total: Decimal) -> bool:
+        return self.is_completed and self.total == expected_total

python/tests/order_book_tests/test_order_book_lifecycle.py

@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone
+
+import pytest
+
+from order_book_domain import OrderBook, OrderStatus
+
+DAY0 = datetime(2025, 6, 1, tzinfo=timezone.utc)
+
+
+def at(day: int) -> datetime:
+    return DAY0 + timedelta(days=day)
+
+
+def test_finalize_then_pay_moves_order_through_two_states():
+    book = OrderBook()
+    order = book.open_order("anna")
+
+    book.finalize_order(order.id, at(1))
+    assert book.get_order(order.id).status is OrderStatus.WAITING_FOR_PAYMENT
+
+    book.pay_order(order.id, at(2))
+    assert book.get_order(order.id).status is OrderStatus.FULFILLING
+
+
+def test_pay_then_ship_delivers_the_order():
+    book = OrderBook()
+    order = book.open_order("anna")
+
+    book.finalize_order(order.id, at(1))
+    assert book.get_order(order.id).status is OrderStatus.WAITING_FOR_PAYMENT
+
+    book.pay_order(order.id, at(2))
+    book.ship_order(order.id)
+    assert book.get_order(order.id).status is OrderStatus.DELIVERED
+
+
+def test_pay_within_window_then_late_pay_on_second_order_cancels_only_that_order():
+    book = OrderBook()
+    first = book.open_order("anna")
+    second = book.open_order("bram")
+
+    book.finalize_order(first.id, at(1))
+    book.finalize_order(second.id, at(1))
+    assert len(book.orders) == 2
+
+    book.pay_order(first.id, at(5))
+    assert book.get_order(first.id).status is OrderStatus.FULFILLING
+
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+        book.pay_order(second.id, at(30))
+    assert book.get_order(second.id).status is OrderStatus.CANCELLED
+
+
+def test_pay_before_finalize_throws_then_finalize_still_works():
+    book = OrderBook()
+    order = book.open_order("anna")
+
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+        book.pay_order(order.id, at(1))
+    assert book.get_order(order.id).status is OrderStatus.PENDING
+
+    book.finalize_order(order.id, at(2))
+    assert book.get_order(order.id).status is OrderStatus.WAITING_FOR_PAYMENT
+
+
+def test_cancel_pending_order_then_pay_after_cancel_throws_again():
+    book = OrderBook()
+    order = book.open_order("anna")
+
+    book.cancel_order(order.id)
+    assert book.get_order(order.id).status is OrderStatus.CANCELLED
+
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+        book.pay_order(order.id, at(1))
+    assert book.get_order(order.id).status is OrderStatus.CANCELLED
+
+
+def test_shipped_order_cannot_be_cancelled():
+    book = OrderBook()
+    order = book.open_order("anna")
+
+    book.finalize_order(order.id, at(1))
+    book.pay_order(order.id, at(2))
+    book.ship_order(order.id)
+    assert book.get_order(order.id).status is OrderStatus.DELIVERED
+
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+        book.cancel_order(order.id)
+    assert book.get_order(order.id).status is OrderStatus.DELIVERED
+
+
+def test_two_customers_interleave_transitions_independently():
+    book = OrderBook()
+    annas = book.open_order("anna")
+    brams = book.open_order("bram")
+
+    book.finalize_order(brams.id, at(1))
+    assert book.get_order(annas.id).status is OrderStatus.PENDING
+    assert book.get_order(brams.id).status is OrderStatus.WAITING_FOR_PAYMENT
+
+    book.pay_order(brams.id, at(2))
+    book.cancel_order(annas.id)
+    assert book.get_order(annas.id).status is OrderStatus.CANCELLED
+    assert book.get_order(brams.id).status is OrderStatus.FULFILLING

python/tests/order_tests/order_state.py

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+"""Custom matcher that bundles multiple order assertions into one.
+
+Participants: you do not need to understand how this works —
+just recognize the pattern and use it as an example for the agent.
+"""
+
+from decimal import Decimal
+
+from order_domain import Order
+
+
+def assert_order_state(
+    order: Order, *, total: Decimal, line_values: list[Decimal]
+) -> None:
+    actual_total = order.total
+    actual_line_values = [line.value for line in order.lines]
+
+    details: list[str] = []
+    if actual_total != total:
+        details.append(f"Total: expected {total}, but was {actual_total}")
+    if actual_line_values != line_values:
+        details.append(
+            f"Line values: expected [{', '.join(str(v) for v in line_values)}], "
+            f"but was [{', '.join(str(v) for v in actual_line_values)}]"
+        )
+
+    if details:
+        header = (
+            f"Expected order with total {total} and line values "
+            f"[{', '.join(str(v) for v in line_values)}] but was:"
+        )
+        raise AssertionError("\n".join([header, *details]))

python/tests/order_tests/test_order_completion.py

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+from decimal import Decimal
+
+from order_domain import Order
+
+
+def test_completed_order_total_is_correct():
+    order = Order()
+    order.add_line(Decimal("100"), 1)
+    order.complete()
+
+    assert order.is_fully_paid(Decimal("100"))

python/tests/order_tests/test_order_total.py

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+from decimal import Decimal
+
+from order_domain import Order
+from order_state import assert_order_state
+
+
+# This test was refactored - notice the custom matcher.
+# The other tests still need the same treatment.
+def test_discount_on_first_line_total_and_line_values():
+    order = Order()
+    order.add_line(Decimal("100"), 2)  # line 0: 200 -> 160 with discount
+    order.add_line(Decimal("50"), 1)  # line 1: 50
+
+    order.apply_discount(0)
+
+    assert_order_state(
+        order, total=Decimal("210"), line_values=[Decimal("160"), Decimal("50")]
+    )
+
+
+def test_discount_on_second_line_total_and_line_values():
+    order = Order()
+    order.add_line(Decimal("100"), 2)  # line 0: 200
+    order.add_line(Decimal("50"), 1)  # line 1: 50 -> 40 with discount
+
+    order.apply_discount(1)
+
+    assert order.total == Decimal("240")
+    assert order.lines[0].value == Decimal("200")
+    assert order.lines[1].value == Decimal("40")
+
+
+def test_discount_on_both_lines_total_and_line_values():
+    order = Order()
+    order.add_line(Decimal("100"), 2)  # line 0: 200 -> 160
+    order.add_line(Decimal("50"), 1)  # line 1: 50 -> 40
+
+    order.apply_discount(0)
+    order.apply_discount(1)
+
+    assert order.total == Decimal("200")
+    assert order.lines[0].value == Decimal("160")
+    assert order.lines[1].value == Decimal("40")
+
+
+def test_no_discount_total_and_line_values():
+    order = Order()
+    order.add_line(Decimal("100"), 2)  # line 0: 200
+    order.add_line(Decimal("50"), 1)  # line 1: 50
+
+    assert order.total == Decimal("250")
+    assert order.lines[0].value == Decimal("200")
+    assert order.lines[1].value == Decimal("50")
+
+
+def test_single_line_with_discount_total_and_value():
+    order = Order()
+    order.add_line(Decimal("75"), 4)  # line 0: 300 -> 240
+
+    order.apply_discount(0)
+
+    assert order.total == Decimal("240")
+    assert order.lines[0].value == Decimal("240")
+
+
+def test_three_lines_one_discount_total_and_line_values():
+    order = Order()
+    order.add_line(Decimal("20"), 1)  # line 0: 20
+    order.add_line(Decimal("30"), 2)  # line 1: 60 -> 48
+    order.add_line(Decimal("10"), 3)  # line 2: 30
+
+    order.apply_discount(1)
+
+    assert order.total == Decimal("98")
+    assert order.lines[0].value == Decimal("20")
+    assert order.lines[1].value == Decimal("48")
+    assert order.lines[2].value == Decimal("30")

python/uv.lock

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
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+
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